Electrostatics and Gravity

There are definite tendencies that exert themselves on a mass that is clumped in a bundle of molecules or atoms. We find gravity which may well be electrostatic. There will be an outward pressure pushing lighter negatively charged electrons out and heavier ions in. The pressure is due to an ever so slight abundance of negative charge which finds itself on the inside of the bundle of molecules or atoms. Some lighter electrons will escape and be drawn outwards at an accelerated pace. This electron will tend outwards until it is accelerated inwards by the imbalanced, remaining, positive charge. The electron will be accelerated inwards until it collides with the heavier ions. Eventually if there is no collision the electron will be drawn out again at an accelerated pace restarting the cycle.

The charge imbalances are so slight and the number of electrons and ions are so great gravity ends up being quite fluid. A type of reverse buoyancy.

Imagine an ion at each face of a cube. Pretending that electrons don’t repel each other then, statistically, we would expect there to be a higher electron density inside the cube when compared with the outside of the cube. Because electrons do repel each other we would expect an accelerating divergence from inside the cube.

At a certain point the electron will be attracted back towards the cube. The inward-most electrons will tend to scatter while the outward-most electrons will exert a pressure towards the center of a large mass.

It is important to remember that the electrons are far lighter and faster than the ions. These little things will go to work around the main mass causing movement. The electron will dictate gravity through an outwards and inwards oscillation described above.

Flux and Electromagnetism

The concept of flux in Elecromagnetics may be more than 150 years old. What does it mean really. The use of electric flux and magnetic flux is pervasive. Has the meaning changed over the last century. It could be that the founders of electrostatics were thinking a lot more about the particulars of what was going on then we do today. Maybe today we take certain sets of equations for granted and plow through formulas with multi-processor computers using method of moments to gather a solved 3D field.

When the idea of vector field flux was applied to electromagnetics chemistry was still nascent. I'm not certain our fore-bearers had a solid concept of the lattice structure of many metals or a statistical model of the electron voltage vs the positron voltage. Maybe these people were doing what they had to to get published. Regardless the concept of flux remains with respect to electric fields and magnetic fields.

Electric fields - magnetic fields? But fields of what. Well we know there are an abundance of elementary particles out there. Electrons just have to dance in the right way and we will see field like effects because there are so many of them and they move so fast.

The fast movement of electrons in a conductor seem to have effects that stretch far from the conductor itself. The dielectric region beyond the conductor exhibits or contains the flux as it changes in the presence of a surplus or deficit of electrons.

In the case of an antenna this alternating surplus or deficit of electrons that propagates kilometers or mega-meters from the antennas location. There are trillions of electrons located in small bits of atmosphere. It's a hard to conceive of just how may electrons surround an antenna. The chemistry of antenna's could be said to be a statistical marvel.

Electrons at boundaries behave in particular manner. Electrons deep inside a conductor behave in another way all together. Perhaps that is a topic best described in another post.

Magnetics and Vacuums

This topic may seem both trivial or deep depending on how one looks at it.

So earlier I posted that magnetism might just be a result of the vector field flux associated with fast moving particles interacting, every once in a while, with particles that are located far from the point of origin of the electric or electron source of the magnetism according to Maxwell's equations. It is hard to conceive of how much faster electrons move when compared with neutrons and protons.

If in a vacuum a solid magnet exists it breaks the vacuum by definition. That fact aside, lets consider the speed of the electrons in the magnet. They are going at a solid fraction of the speed of light depending on temperature. The solid magnet must be leaking electrons like crazy. Consider the magnetic field lines. A spiral along the magnetic field lines is where you will find a trail of electrons in this near vacuum.

A North pole will then attract a South pole, in a vacuum, in a slightly different way then it would in an environment where the air is thick and the air must 'flux'.

Static Magnetics

Static magnetism likely begins when two magnets are brought close to one another. Max's equations coupled with Lorentz' laws will push ions in a circular fashion. Torqued ions if you will. The electrons will move radically faster than their slower, more massive nuclei. The evacuation of electrons will cause a counter pull of electrons back towards the 'positively' charged ions that remain.

Eventually all ions will have moved out and the evacuated space in the center will cause the 'North' end of the magnet to be pulled towards the 'South' end. Next we hear "click".

Now we need a model. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Queen's University in Kingston Ontario would prefer a discrete stochastics model to deal with the movement and relative charge-mass of these particles.

The Poisson arrivals relative to another particle with a relatively different set of Poisson parameters gives rise to what can be modeled as the binomial distribution. We move quickly to Gauss' famous distribution because we love to deal in the continuous charge-mass domain.

The arrivals would actually be departures in this case. Similar to the concept of stochastic gravity the evacuating electrons, as a ratio of charge-mass, to the remaining nuclei. Differential equations can then be used to show a net dmass/dt from the region between the 'North' and 'South' sides of the magnets.

Electron flux in what is known as a curl in the field in calculus is central to this concept.

Stochastics Electromagnetism and Gravity

If I had time I'd to a discrete stochastic analysis on the forces at play (statistically) of an electron heading off into space. The equal and opposite reaction of a proton-neutron combination headed towards earth and an electron making the return trip to earth to equalize the charge that left the Earth in the first place. This would have to be a temporal statistical analysis using simple Markov chains. I am sure if I repeated the Markov chains enough times it would equate to the force of gravity.
That's super-multi-variate stochastic processes.

I hope to have time to explore this model.

Ratios of Divergences

Gravity could be the result of a ratio of divergences between the idea of two clouds. If we model planet Earth as a cloud of electrons superimposed on a cloud of nuclei both clouds will have particular properties. The electron cloud will have a divergence characterized by the heat energy or voltage of the electrons. The cloud of nuclei will also have a certain amount of heat or agitation. The electrons are traveling much faster and have much more divergence to their collective cloud.

The ratio of the divergence of the electrons to the divergence of the nuclei is gravity.

Gravity is an effective atomic wind that blows towards the center of a large mass. The settling of protons and neutrons. Through a random walk the larger masses will tend towards the center of mass. The electrons will escape the high density quickly and push outwards with a positive divergence. The return of the electron to the higher density will require some degree of settling in a process that is like cooling or like voltage reduction. Both processes require that heat be shed.

Gravity may be modeled scholastically.Important the realize is that the electrons seem to have positive divergence compared with the negative divergence of the proton - neutron combination.

Relating divergences to the electrical and magnetic topics of flux will be a topic of a subsequent post.