Asymmetric Acceleration

NASA published the paper Asymmetrical Capacitors for Propulsion by Canning et al. and the American Institute of Physics published High Efficiency Lifter Based on the Biefeld-Brown Effect by Einat and Kalderon.

The acceleration in an asymmetrical capacitor happens between the electrodes which are kept at many kilo-volts of potential difference. In between the electrodes of the asymmetrical capacitor is an electric field measured in V/m. Charge will accelerate at a fantastic rate in such an electric field. Electrons will take off at a large fraction of the speed of light. The momentum from this kinetic electron will be spread out over kilometers if it misses the top, small electrode of the capacitor as well as the atoms of the atmosphere around the asymmetrical capacitor.

Momentum is conserved. When electrons are accelerated there is an equal and opposite reaction in the opposite direction with equal momentum. Mass travels downwards. In fact so much air travels downwards that it pushes the asymmetrical capacitor upwards.

A sphere of any size contains mass. This mass will concentrate negative charge towards the center of mass and the negative charge will be relatively more sparse towards the periphery of mass. Negative charge will accelerate towards the periphery of mass. Mass around the accelerated charge will be pulled towards the center of mass due to conservation of momentum.

The acceleration, therefore, is asymmetrical. The acceleration of ions towards the small side of the asymmetric capacitor causes an acceleration downwards of more mass. This causes the capacitor to lift (the capacitor can push downwards if pointed that way).