Asymmetric Capacitors

NASA published the paper Asymmetrical Capacitors for Propulsion by Canning et al. and the American Institute of Physics published High Efficiency Lifter Based on the Biefeld-Brown Effect by Einat and Kalderon.

The ions fly towards the small conductor and overshoot. The ions are accelerated in the space between the two electrodes. This creates a momentum distribution of fast moving particles distributing momentum over a large area. The larger ions move in the opposite direction creating low pressure above the lifter and high pressure below the lifter.

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.